火箭推进剂废水的危害及其治理

我国目前常用的推进剂是以偏二甲肼、四氧化二氮为主的液体双组元推进剂,其毒性为Ⅲ级。文中主要论述了推进剂废水对水体、土壤的污染和对人体健康、牲畜、渔业等的危害,以及臭氧-紫外线、自然净化等治理方法,并提出了加强管理、开发新的废水处理方法的建议。     

重力分离SHS陶瓷内衬复合管后期处理组织研究

研究了重力分离SHS法制备的陶瓷内衬复合管,在还原气氛下进行高温处理过程前后,复合管中陶瓷与钢管间的过渡层组织形态、组织分布的变化和过渡层中的裂纹的变化情况。指出:随着加热温度的升高、保温时间的延长,原子扩散能力加强,在过渡层界面上,以及陶瓷和钢管中出现新的化合相,能增强复合管的结合强度和力学性能,降低陶瓷的脆性。后期高温处理中,加热温度过高、保温时间过长,会造成组织粗化等缺陷,导致复合管性能变差。     

锅炉高负荷时磷酸盐"隐藏"的算法研究

结合舰船锅炉高负荷时的运行特点,建立了舰船锅炉炉水磷酸盐“隐藏”的数学模型和相应的计算方法,并对某型锅炉高负荷时炉水磷酸盐的递减速度进行了计算,为下一步对舰艇锅炉水处理技术进行全面改进提供了可靠的依据.     

Research on the intermediate phase of 40CrMnSiB steel shell under different heat treatments

In this study, 40CrMnSiB steel cylindrical shells were tempered at 350, 500 and 600 ℃ to study the effect of tempering temperature on the dynamic process of expansion and fracture of the metal shell. A mid-explosion recovery experiment for the metal cylinder under internal explosive loading was designed, and the wreckage of the casings at the intermediate phase was obtained. The effects of different tempering temperatures on the macroscopic and microscopic fracture characteristics of 40CrMnSiB steel were studied. The influence of tempering temperatures on the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage were measured and analyzed, including the circumferential divide size, the thick-ness and the number of the circumferential divisions. The results show that as the tempering temper-ature was increased from 350 to 600 ℃, at first, the degree of fragmentation and the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage changed significantly and then became essentially consistent. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed flow-like structure characteristics caused by adiabatic shear on different fracture surfaces. At the detonation initiation end of the casing, fracturing was formed by tearing along the crack, which existed a distance from the initiation end and propagated along the axis direction. In contrast, the fracturing near the middle position consists of a plurality of radial shear fracture units. The amount of alloy carbide that was precipitated during the tempering process increased continuously with tempering temperature, leading to an increasing number of spherical carbide particles scattered around the fracture surface.     

古建筑防火新技术研究

阐述了古建筑火灾的危险性,并从本质安全的角度研究了古建筑中木材、纤维织物的阻燃措施。指出木材的阻燃处理方法通常采用物理和化学方法,而化学方法可采用表面涂覆、浸渍处理、化学改性三种方法;纤维织物阻燃处理采用共聚阻燃改性、共混阻燃改性、阻燃后整理、接枝共聚、皮芯型复合纺丝等方法。可以根据具体情况选用合适的阻燃处理方法,从而达到降低材料可燃性的目的,大大提高古建筑的火灾风险等级。     

乳化餐饮废水的化学破乳条件优化

为了有效地解决餐饮废水中乳化油分离处理这个技术难题,采用化学破乳法对餐饮废水进行研究,得到不同化学试剂的最佳质量浓度,并通过复配实验总结出最佳复配组合.结果表明:小分子醇类的质量浓度越大,醇类单链越长,则破乳作用越显著,加入正丁醇至总体积分数为4%有较好破乳效果;少量添加有机絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺可以提高除油效果,但用量过高反而会起到反作用,质量浓度为100~200 mg/L较为适宜;金属离子所带的正电荷越高,破乳效果越好,选择质量浓度为200 mg/L的CaCl2较为适宜.根据复配实验可知,同时加入正丁醇至总体积分数为4%和CaCl2质量浓度为150 mg/L,可以取得更好的组合破乳效果.     

某型火炮制退机节制环磨损故障分析与处理

制退机的性能好坏直接关系到火炮作战效能的发挥。针对目前装备保障方式大多停留在维修层面而理论研究不够深入的实际,对节制环磨损故障的机理进行分析。以某型火炮短节制杆式制退复进机为对象,利用MATLAB数值计算平台,编程仿真节制环磨损故障对后坐的影响。同时探讨了故障后对火炮的处理方案。研究表明,节制环磨损对后坐诸元都将产生不同影响,针对影响的程度可制定相应的故障处理方案。仿真模拟和方案探讨对装备保障工作具有参考意义。     

A guarantee rate optimization model for wastewater treatment system design under uncertainty

We consider a design problem for wastewater treatment systems that considers uncertainty in pollutant concentration levels at water sources. The goal is to optimize the selection of treatment technologies and pipeline connections, so that treated wastewater can achieve specified effluents discharge limits as well as possible. We propose a new two-stage model to optimize a set of guarantee levels, that is, the maximum concentration level of source pollutants for which treated wastewater can be compliant with discharge limits. In the first stage, treatment technologies and pipeline connections are selected. In the second stage, when pollutant concentration levels are revealed, wastewater distribution and mixing are determined. A key attractiveness of the proposed guarantee rate optimization model is that it can be simplified into a single-stage mixed-integer linear program. In our numerical experiments based on real-world pollutants data, the guarantee rate model demonstrates its advantages in terms of computational efficiency, scalability and solution quality, compared with the standard probability maximization model. Finally, the methodology proposed in this paper can also be applied to other two-stage problems under uncertainty with similar uncertainty characteristics.     

临界点间热处理对三种结构钢低温韧性的影响

文中研究了临界点间热处理对Welten-80p钢、20CrMnSi钢及20CrmnSiNi2A钢低温韧性的影响。结果表明:与常规热处理相比,临界点间淬火及回火钢的a_k值提高了1～3倍,冷脆转变温度降低了54℃。临界点间热处理是提高结构钢低温韧性的有效措施。     

合同制消防队伍建设发展探索

简述了我国合同制消防队伍的现状,全面总结了目前我国合同制消防队伍存在的问题,深刻分析了阻碍合同制消防队伍稳定发展的主要因素,并重点提出了针对性的改进措施,为我国合同制消防队伍健康有序发展提供了有益借鉴。